criteria in household portfolio. to do this, the data which are related to the asset price are used including: bank deposit, bonds, stock, exchange, coin, land and housing in time period of 1997 to 2011. in this research, portfolio var id calculated in the confidence level of 90%, 95%, and 99% and in time periods of one year and 14 years. after calculating returns, return standard deviation, co...

the safety of hydrogen generation facilities is the main concern in their process operation. this study was conducted to identify the hazards and evaluate the risks of a hydrogen generation plant. for this purpose, prha (process hazard analysis) was applied for hazard identification while lopa (layer of protection analysis) was used for risk assessment. the study was conducted in the hydrogen p...

Book to market (BM) has long been associated with growth opportunities. We argue that after a negative shock to earnings, the BM of the firm is mainly determined by the shortterm recovery ability of the firm. Firms that have high (low) probability to recover from a negative shock will have low (high) BM after a negative shock. We confirm this relation both analytically and empirically and show ...

Urban rainwater reuse preserves water resources and promotes sustainable development in rapidly growing urban areas. The efficiency of a large number of urban water reuse systems, operating under different climate and demand conditions, is evaluated here on the base of a new risk analysis approach. Results obtained by probability analysis (PA) indicate that maximum efficiency in low demanding s...

Several types of screening tools for precluding purposeful import of taxa with high probability of becoming invasive in a new geography have been developed. Such tools are generally developed through a retroactive test of taxa with known invasiveness in the new range. These taxa should represent the full range of both invasiveness, from never invasive to highly invasive with clear economic and ...