Six healthy male volunteers received 1 g of azthreonam each as an intravenous injection. Serial blood and cantharides-induced blister fluid samples were taken over the next 8 h. Urine samples were collected over 24 h. The concentration of azthreonam in serum was about 50 micrograms/ml at 0.5 h after injection and fell to 2 to 3 micrograms/ml at 8 h; the serum half-life was 1.93 h, and the volum...

BACKGROUND The challenge in providing analgesia for spine surgeries is to provide extended postoperative pain relief and simultaneously allow early neurological assessment and mobilization. Our study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of intravenous versus caudal dexamethasone in lumbosacral spine surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective double-blind study, a total of 96 pat...

We determined virulence of seven Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain GPS11 inbred lines possessing superior infective juvenile longevity, and heat and ultra violet radiation tolerance against white grubs Popillia japonica and Cyclocephala borealis. At 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, inbred line A2 was significantly more virulent towards P. japonica compared to the parent strain GPS11 and inbred...

Sperm selection techniques have became an important tool to improve sub fertile ejaculates. The main aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of motile sperm subpopulations of ejaculates from subfertile stallions subjected to density gradient centrifugation (DGC) involving a double layer colloid [DGC2], before and after storage for 24 and 48 hours. Ejaculates from eight stallions with ferti...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) on the regulation of chicken intestinal β-defensin genes under normal and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) conditions. Four treatment groups were used, including a negative control group, VD3-injection group, LPS-injection group, and both VD3-injection and LPS-injection group. At 4, 24, and 48 h post-injection, intestines were ...

Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) causes late onset sepsis and significant morbidity in catheterized preterm newborns. Animal models of SE infection are useful in characterizing disease mechanisms and are an important approach to developing improved diagnostics and therapeutics. Current murine models of neonatal bacterial infection employ intraperitoneal or subcutaneous routes at several days of ...

BACKGROUND Texture features are being increasingly evaluated in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) as adjunctive imaging biomarkers in a number of different cancers. Whilst studies have reported repeatability between scans, there have been no studies that have specifically investigated the effect that the time of acquisition post-injection of 18F-FDG has on textur...