پیدایش و رشد اندیشه تحلیل اقتصادی حقوق در نیم قرن گذشته منجر به توجه به عنصر کارآیی در حقوق شده است. ابزارهای تحلیلی این اندیشه نوین در زمینه حقوق قراردادها، چنین امکانی را فراهم می کنند که بتوان میزان کارآیی دو عمل حقوقی مجزا را نسبت به یکدیگر سنجید و عوامل ناکارآمد هر یک را نیز مشخص نمود. عنصر کلیدی در سنجش کارآییِ ساختار قرارداد، توجه به سه اصل هزینه های مبادلاتی کم تر، همکاری بیشتر و انعطاف ...

abstract this paper discusses several commonly used models for strategic marketing¹ including market environmental analysis methods (i.e. swot and pest analysis) and strategic marketing tools and techniques (i.e. boston matrix and shell directional policy matrix)and shows how these models may help a firm to achieve its strategic goals. at first, the main reason for doing this research is de...

the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

abstract the following study, in the first place, attempted to examine the effect of less experienced teachers participation in experienced teachers classes on their own skills and teaching methodology, in the second place, attempted to find out the role of teachers training in students achievements. for this purpose, 21 efl teachers were selected according to available sampling in kish l...

simplification universal as a universal feature of translation means translated texts tend to use simpler language than original texts in the same language and it can be critically investigated through common concepts: type/token ratio, lexical density, and mean sentence length. although steps have been taken to test this hypothesis in various text types in different linguistic communities, in ...

abstract the present study is concerned with the syntactic deviation in hafezs poetry. poems are known to be accompanied with various linguistic deviations. these deviations may be phonological, morphological and/or syntactic. the relatively high frequency of the cases of the syntactic deviation in hafezs poems makes this rhetorical feature as a main characteristic of his poetry. this thesis, ...

esl/efl books play a crucial role in shaping language learners worldview of gender roles in society. the present study investigated the status of sexism in two sets of efl textbooks, one developed by non-native iranian authors (ili series) and the other by native authors (top notch series). first, two books from each series was selected randomly. then, a quantitative analysis was carried out wi...