abstract since heubners (1985) pioneering study, there have been many studies on (mis) use/ non-use of articles by l2 learners from article-less and article languages. the present study investigated how persian l2 learners of english produce and interpret english definite descriptions and demonstrative descriptions. it was assumed that definite and demonstrative descriptions share the same cen...

in the present work, a simple and sensitive method was developed for determination of morphine and heroin using gold nanoparticles as resonance rayleigh scattering (rrs) and colorimetric technique’s probe. synthesized gold nanoparticles by sodium citrate reduction method have a negative charge layer on their surfaces because of self-assembled citrate anions on their surface. binding of morphin...

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder and the most prevalent cause of joint pain across the spectrum of middle age to elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on self-care among elderly patients with osteoarthritis who are suffering from OA in Yazd city, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study w...

to teach english adequately, qualified teachers are needed. unfortunately, there are still teachers who are teaching english without an academic degree in tefl. it is necessary for teachers to have a major in english to have subject knowledge, but it is not sufficient. teachers need to have an understanding of the social, cultural, moral, ethical, and pedagogical issues of education and practic...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on self-injury and self-coherence of substance abusers. The research design was a pre-test and post-test with the control group. In this research, 36 substance abusers who were referred to rehabilitation treatment centers in Arak city were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the cont...

Background & Objective: Diabetes is a chronic disorder and the most complicated disease regarding its management and need for self-management. Cognitive-behavioral therapy plays a key role in self-management and self-regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the self-care behaviors and psychological wellbeing and hope indicators in patient...

this study investigates the relationship between field-related cognitive styles and global reading comprehension of hypertext. technically, field dependency is prevailing dominance of field on perception of parts, while global comprehension is skim-like reading to grasp the general content. in this research project, 60 senior and junior students of arak university majoring in english literature...

a semi-empirical mathematical model for predicting physical part of ignition delay period in the combustion of direct - injection diesel engines with swirl is developed . this model based on a single droplet evaporation model . the governing equations , namely , equations of droplet motion , heat and mass transfer were solved simultaneously using a rung-kutta step by step unmerical method . the...