A strategy is proposed for achieving a practically important mode of laser processing—a so-called “smooth” filamentation cutting (LFC) transparent materials by moving beam pulse-periodic pico- or subpicosecond laser. With such cutting, the surface sidewalls cuts have significantly improved smoothness, and, as result, laser-cut plates increased resistance to damage and cracking due mechanical im...

The flame forming process is widely used to manufacture ship hull plates. The saddle-shaped surfaces have different curvatures in perpendicular angles of planes and the manufacturers face an anti-clastic curvature. In this article, the manufacturing of saddle-shaped surfaces utilizing the flame forming process is investigated. The spiral irradiating scheme is used for forming. In order to study...

Quality control is the process of ensuring that a product or service meets certain predetermined standards quality. This can involve testing, inspection, and other methods to ensure fit for its intended use. The tube shaft component used in drive vehicle. It undergoes several stages from raw material final increase structural properties. Following first step, which hardening, preliminary qualit...

ginger plant, zingiber officinale roscoe, is an important tropical plant used as spices and well known for its medicinal properties. it has a pungent and aromatic rhizome rich of zingiberen and gingerols. many secondary metabolites are known to accumulate in the plant cell culture systems. so, in this research, gingerols and zingiberene production of callus cultures were compared with regenerat...