Nowadays, competitive market creates the necessity of quality improvement in different levels of supply chains (SCs). This paper contributes to the SC coordination literature and proposes a bilateral coordination contract for optimizing pricing decisions along with quality improvement decisions in different echelons of a real case of a cell phone SC. The SC comprises a manufacturer who deals wi...

professor naoki ikegami’s “fee-for-service payment – an evil practice that must be stamped out” summarizes many of the failings of alternatives to fee-for-service (ffs) payment systems. his article also offers several suggestions for improving ffs systems. however, even powerful arguments against many of the alternatives to ffs, does not make a convincing argument for ffs systems. in addition, ...

In this article, multiple-product PVRP with pickup and delivery that is used widely in goods distribution or other service companies, especially by railways, was introduced. A mathematical formulation was provided for this problem. Each product had a set of vehicles which could carry the product and pickup and delivery could simultaneously occur. To solve the problem, two meta-heuristic methods...

human problems become more complex every day. these complexities need new problem solving approaches. design for sustainability is a response to these new demands. an approach leads environment, society and economy to sustain situations. design for sustainability is a new issue for iranian industrial design society. there is a lack of studies in this field. weak interaction, poverty, illiteracy...

The implementation of electronic procurement processes for product-service systems, consisting of material and service components requires a consideration of strategic, tactical and operational issues in procurement processes and information technologies. Increasingly, in certain industries, these product-service systems consist more and more of cloud-based components like online storage or web...

The ABSTRACT FACTORY pattern is a solution often used for isolating clients from the construction of concrete objects. Normally a new concrete factory class is developed for each concrete product family. Therefore new specific construction code has to be written each time a new product family needs to be supported. This approach influences software productivity negatively as it only covers the ...