Background and purpose: Despite growing use of energy-saving lamps or compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), there are concerns about ultraviolet radiation in their output. In this study, the output of CFLs available in Iranian market in the range of infrared, visible, and ultraviolet were measured and the possibility of hydroxyl radical production by their radiation was evaluated. Materials and me...

w hether the united kingdom (uk) should remain in the european :union: (eu) or not has been a fiercely debated issue both before and after the referendum in the uk on june 23, 2016. the main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the pros and cons of the uk leaving the eu. it is concluded that if the uk leaves the eu, the resulting economic shock would risk adverse effects on macroeconomic variab...

There is little consensus on the corporate diversification-efficiency relationship in the diversification literature. According to the corporate diversification, firms have a tendency to get more market share with diversifying in the local segment or in the international market. Theoretically, a contradictory exists between the profitable strategy and the value reducing strategy in the diversif...

 We examine permanent effects of monetary expansion in an economy where access to credit for financing consumption and investment is limited and consumers and firms are cash-constrained. The main difference between our model with those of Cooley-Hanson (1989) and Walsh (2003) is that investment, in addition to consumption, is subject to a cash-constraint. In this respect, our model is...

Due to uncertain nature of wind and photovoltaic power units, the participation of this units in electricity markets is subjected to significant deviation penalties. This issue leads to despondency or even admission of these units in the competitive environment. With regard to this fact that the low deviations are available when predictions are performed in a short-term horizon and also distrib...