introduction climate has always been one the main factors of designing urban spaces in iran since past centuries. by analyzing urban spaces it can be concluded that different cities have different urban spaces due to climate differences. one of the main reasons of the differences in the type and orientation of urban spaces is the climate as one of the key factors in designing these areas. regar...

Development which is less attention to the environment, inefficient use of energy as well as the increasingly dense city make space for the concept of green building to grow even more in Indonesia . The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the implementation of green building principles in commercial buildings. There are three buildings complexes that were examined in this...

proper scheduling of tasks leads to optimum using of time and resources, inorder to obtaining best result. one of the most important and complicatedscheduling problems is open shop scheduling problem. there are n jobs in openshop scheduling problem which should be processed by m machines. purpose ofscheduling open shop problem is attaining to a suitable order of processing jobs byspecified mach...

The notion of a probabilistic metric  space  corresponds to thesituations when we do not know exactly the  distance.  Probabilistic Metric space was  introduced by Karl Menger. Alsina, Schweizer and Sklar gave a general definition of  probabilistic normed space based on the definition of Menger [1]. In this note we study the PN spaces which are  topological vector spaces and the open mapping an...

design of the new apartment buildings in iran, has been faced to a decline of quality of local life and an improper interaction between inside-outside of residential spaces. this interaction can be affected by the quality of in-between spaces in different scales of apartment buildings in residential developments. in-between spaces of apartment houses refer to a hierarchy of the main entrance, o...