The period of transition from childhood to adulthood is called adolescence. Adolescent girls experience physical changes, namely, starting menstruate. Complaints that often arise during menstruation are menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea), which can be reduced by doing abdominal stretching exercises will stimulate the production endorphins and give a feeling calm resistance painful feelings, especial...

To identify the long-term sequelae and morbidity associated with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) patients with acute PID and matched controls were interviewed at five-monthly intervals for about 21 months after entry into the study. In some instances morbidity among the patients was increased, particularly at five months after admission to hospital. Significantly more patients than cont...

per minute, and suffering from occasional fits of dyspnoea. Nine months ago the patient began to suffer from excessive and painful menstruation, with profuse leucorrhcea, the function up to that time having been regularly performed. Since the 8th July she had had almost constant haemorrhage, accompanied with bearing-down pains. The flooding at times being so excessive as to cause syncope. On ex...

Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstrual cramps without any evident pathology to account for them, and it occurs in up to 50% of menstruating females and causes significant disruption in quality of life and absenteeism. Current understanding implicates an excessive or imbalanced amount of prostanoids and possibly eicosanoids released from the endometrium during menstruation. The uterus is indu...