Organization of living environment is possible through a clear definition of private and public arenas and determinationof a spatial hierarchy. Such defined arenas increase the sense of belonging to the environment which personalizesresidential environments. Enclosure is among the quantities that play a significant role in defining the spaces. In fact,enclosure is the factor that defines a spac...

BACKGROUND This paper analyzes the experience of crowding through a biopsychosocial approach to human behavior which empirically joins different dimensions that the literature has analyzed separately. The main aim consists of identifying factors involved in perceived crowding from (a) the emotional response and affective meaning (BIO dimension); (b) the perception of psychological well-being an...

Hong Kong is of subtropical climate where summer is hot and winter is warm. Natural ventilation is most desirable for cooling and providing fresh air in residential buildings in moderate seasons for better indoor air quality and thermal comfort. The natural ventilation performance is affected by a combination of internal and external factors. External factors include the location, the orientati...

The development of modern housing has been accompanied by less attention paid to the versatility and the variation of the living spaces. The quality of residential spaces has declined to a degree that the home has merely become a place to meet physical needs and many psychological problems have been neglected. Recognizing the factors affecting the environmental capabilities of today’s housing a...

urban spaces are like a dramatic stage, in which buildings and street’s facades are the actors. while people are passing through streets, they will communicate the information with the environment, as well as, explore and study the spaces. people transfer the greatest number of information from the urban space and the surrounding environment through their visual senses. hiking determines one of...

Landfill site is a significant and risky part at the same time in city. In planning an urban city, pollution caused by landfill damages surrounded areas, especially residential zones, if it does not follow sanitary rules. The from landfills threat environment and, consequently, human health wellbeing, so essential to maintain safe healthy selecting site. From this point of view, research aims c...

BACKGROUND Green spaces have been associated with both health benefits and risks in children; however, available evidence simultaneously investigating these conflicting influences, especially in association with different types of greenness, is scarce. OBJECTIVES We aimed to simultaneously evaluate health benefits and risks associated with different types of greenness in children, in terms of...