any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

یکی از نقش های مهَم اطلاعات حسابداری مالی کمک به استفاده کنندگان صورت های مالی در قالب پیش بینی های سود آتی شرکت است. از طرفی برای افزایش کیفیت گزارشگری مالی بهبود نظام راهبری شرکتی موضوعی انکارناپذیر است. یکی از ارکان اصلی راهبری شرکتی کمیته حسابرسی است. درک و دانش اعضای با تجربه کمیته حسابرسی، ارزش گزارشگری مالی و حسابرسی شرکت را افزایش می دهند. پژوهش حاضر ارتباط تخصص مالی اعضای کمیته حسابرسی ...

Increasing the regulatory environment and expanding the scope of the regulatory standards for financial reporting has, over the past few years, reduced the cost of representation and information asymmetry and increased the level of corporate disclosure of corporate financial statements. But one of the endogenous dimensions of quality that prevents the disclosure of financial statements is a mat...

چکیده ندارد.

Fraud in financial reporting and accounting has grown significantly in recent years due to the financial crises created in companies, so that fraud has become a political and economic issue and today the legislature, the accounting profession and the causes The creation of fraud in it as well as the ways to deal with fraudulent behavior in financial statements have received special attention. T...