background: a common, early postpartum concern of the breastfeeding mother is nipple pain. because of a lack of effective treatment and opposing results about lanolin, we decided to compare the effect of lanolin ointment and aloe vera gel on nipple soreness treatment. methods: this clinical blind trial was performed in mashhad, iran, from february 2008 to may 2009. sampling was nonrandom and pu...

This ex post facto study explored the differences in perceived family characteristics between a group of 34 female patients with anorexia nervosa and 34 females without eating pathology. All participants filled out the following self-report scales: FACES II, F-COPES, IPPA and the Family Beliefs Questionnaire. The results showed that, in contrast with participants without pathology, patients per...

This research attempts to measure personality by monitoring behaviour in a virtual environment. A computer game was created to measure a trait of the Five Factor Model of personality: extraversion. Test-items were created to measure extraversion and its facets, as specified by Costa and McCrae [7]. For this purpose, 25 items were built into the virtual environment. In order to test if these mea...

The study assessed the extent to which children between eight and 12 years old in planned lesbian families in the Netherlands experience stigmatization, as well as the influence of protective factors (relationship with parents, social acceptance by peers, contact with children from other families headed by lesbian mothers or gay fathers) on their psychological adjustment (conduct problems, emot...

INTRODUCTION Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. The aim was to determine the relationship of feeding methods and oral Streptococcus mutans count in 3- to 5-year-old children with ECC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 3 to 5 years. Participating m...

background : asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood and its prevalence is increasing all over the world. asthma influences on many aspects of family daily life. health care of children with chronic asthma can have deep impact on health and welfare of the family members. studies showed a relation between the life quality of children suffering from asthma and the anxiety level of ...

OBJECTIVE To help identify and advance the understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying the association between parents' and adolescents' psychological maladjustment in obesity, we evaluated bulimic behaviours and psychopathology in a clinical sample of obese adolescents and in their parents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional cohort study including 115 severely obese, treatment-seekin...

background and objectives: regarding the high prevalence of unhealthy food habits among iranian children, we aimed to assess the effect of a school-based nutrition education program on nutritional status of primary school students in shiraz. materials and methods: this randomized educational controlled trial was carried out on 221 primary school age children selected by cluster sampling in the ...