«برای تأمین امنیتی که آدمیان در طول عمر خود خواهان آن هستند کافی نیست که ایشان تنها برای مدتی محدود تحت حکومت درآیند و یا این که امورشان تنها به موجب حکمی واحد رتق و فتق شود... زیرا اگرچه ممکن است ایشان به واسطه کوشش یکپارچه خود بردشمنی خارجی غلبه کنند، لیکن بعداً ـ وقتی دشمنی مشترک نداشته باشند و یا بخشی ازایشان دولتی را دشمن و بخشی دیگر آن را دوست بشمارد ـ در آن صورت ایشان لاجرم به حکم اختلاف ...

abstract tasks nowadays are at the center of attention in sla research. task types is one of the critical issues in this regard, their effectiveness and suitability to any particular context, their characteristics and the result they yield are among some of these issues. on the other hand, discourse markers (dms) have been very much investigated and their effectiveness in conveying the meaning...

abstract the primary purpose of this study was to explore the actual practices and cognitions of two groups of iranian eap teachers, i.e. language teachers and content teachers, with respect to teaching reading-comprehension and vocabulary. to this end, tehran university of medical sciences which authorizes both groups of teachers to teach eap courses was selected as the context of the study s...

uncertainty in the financial market will be driven by underlying brownian motions, while the assets are assumed to be general stochastic processes adapted to the filtration of the brownian motions. the goal of this study is to calculate the accumulated wealth in order to optimize the expected terminal value using a suitable utility function. this thesis introduced the lim-wong’s benchmark fun...

insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...

asymmetric membranes are widely used in many industrial membrane separation processes. the major advantage of membrane filtration over the conventional process is its ability to remove a wider spectrum of particles without using any chemicals. hollow fiber configuration offer many advantages over flat-sheet or tubular membranes. the spinning process of hollow fiber may look simple, yet it is te...

with the increasing population and the need for more food, as well as with the development of science and technology, human approach to unnatural and often chemical inputs to increase agricultural production has been a great expansion and problems such as increased cancers, chronic diseases has created environmental pollution. implementation of organic organic is a solution to these problems . ...