The French cosmetics industry has been marketing thermal mineral waters that have certain biological effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that oligomineral elements have hydrating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This literature review discusses in vitro and in vivo clinical studies of commercially available thermal mineral waters to determine their effects on the skin and...

This review article summarizes the use of toxins as weapons dating from the First World War until today, when there is a high concern of possible terrorist attacks with weapons of mass destruction. All through modern history, military programs and terrorist groups have favored toxins because of their high toxicity. However, difficulties of extraction or synthesis, as well as effective dissemina...

The paper presents a historical review of panorama image techniques with special emphasis on photogrammetric applications. The first part of the paper deals with the anatomic and visual properties of human vision where the use of panoramic views is evident for monitoring the environment, recognition, avoidance of collision etc. Naturally, the use of photographic panoramic images became very pop...

This paper reviews natural language processing (NLP) from the late 1940's to the present, seeking to identify its successive trends as these reflect concerns with different problems or the pursuit of different approaches to solving these problems and building systems as wholes. The review distinguishes four phases in the history of NLP, characterised respectively by an emphasis on machine trans...

Healthcare professionals have long been concerned with the assessment of human gait, but only recently were they able to utilize instrumental gait analysis in routine clinical practice for diagnosis, and to guide the selection of treatment methods for complex musculo-skeletal and neurological disorders. The development of motion analysis systems has progressed through several stages from simple...

Determining the velocity of meteoroids as they enter the Earth’s atmosphere is very important since the value is fundamental in calculating the orbit of the meteoroid and hence eventually its origin. We describe early attempts at this determination and highlight problems that exist today.

The search for the components of the platelet surface that mediate platelet adhesion and platelet aggregation began for earnest in the late 1960s when electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of a carbohydrate-rich, negatively charged outer coat that was called the "glycocalyx." Progressively, electrophoretic procedures were developed that identified the major membrane glycoproteins (GP) t...

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is an inherited heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders, characterized by abnormal collagen synthesis, affecting skin, ligaments, joints, blood vessels and other organs. It is one of the oldest known causes of bruising and bleeding and was first described by Hipprocrates in 400 BC. Edvard Ehlers, in 1901, recognized the condition as a distinct entity. In 1908, ...