the present study investigated construct equivalence of multiple choice (mc) and constructed response (cr) item types across stem and content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘a’), non-stem-equivalent but content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘b’), and non-stem and non-content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘c’). one hundred seventy english-major undergraduates completed mc ...

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an s an annual plant of the composite family Asteraceae. This plant is native to the Mediterranean region, and some researchers have reported its origins in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of nine chamomile populations using the SCoT marker. Ten SCoT primers were used. A total of 141 bands were produced, of whic...

چکیده بهبود برآوردگرهای پارامترهای جامعه مورد توجه برخی از آماردانان تحت شرایط متفاوت می باشد. در سالهای اخیر لاهیتران و ویجکون)2009) برآورد پارامترهای جامعه را زمانیکه اطلاعات اضافی در دسترس باشد بهبود دادند و روش تعمیم یافته ای را برای بدست آوردن برآوردگرهای انقباضی بهینه معرفی کردند. ما می خواهیم براساس قضایایی که لاهیتران و ویجکون مطرح کردند برآوردگرهای انقباضی را برای پارامترهای میانگی...

abstract: advertisements are the most accessible type of authentic materials, and this is one reason why they are used more and more in english teaching classes. for this cause, studies in the field of advertisements are very widespread nowadays. for pun is one aspect which makes advertisements more interesting, it is used more than before in advertisements. use of puns makes an advertisement m...

abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...

abstract cooperative learning refers to small groups of learners working together as a team to solve a problem, complete a task, or accomplish a common goal. in a cooperative environment one’s success is directly related to the success of other members because the focus on the individual shifts towards the group. to test the effectiveness of the method, using jigsaw technique, a study was cond...

in this thesis a calibration transfer method is used to achieve bilinearity for augmented first order kinetic data. first, the proposed method is investigated using simulated data and next the concept is applied to experimental data. the experimental data consists of spectroscopic monitoring of the first order degradation reaction of carbaryl. this component is used for control of pests in frui...

a semi-empirical mathematical model for predicting physical part of ignition delay period in the combustion of direct - injection diesel engines with swirl is developed . this model based on a single droplet evaporation model . the governing equations , namely , equations of droplet motion , heat and mass transfer were solved simultaneously using a rung-kutta step by step unmerical method . the...

abstract the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (c-r) activities on learning grammatical structures (simple present tense in this case) by iranian guidance school efl learners. the second one was to investigate the effect of gender on learning the simple present tense through c-r activities and tasks. finally, this study aimed to investigate the ...

?it is of utmost priority for an experienced teacher to train the mind of the students, and enable them to think critically and correctly. the most important question here is that how to develop such a crucial ability? this study examines a new way to the development of critical thinking utilizing critical discourse analytical tools. to attain this goal, two classes of senior english la...