ing particular places, people and events into generalized categories, laws and policies is fundamental to any form of ruling. It is in this very process of abstraction that the colonial state legislates racial, sexual, and class/caste ideologies‖. Extremely small scale maps such as colonial maps of the world were abstractions which unified what is various, glossing over landscape details, rende...

The presence of Empire in the Victorian period and its aftermath has become a new trope neo-Victorian studies, introducing postcolonial approach to re-writing past. This, combined with metaphor sea as symbol British colonial maritime power, makes Joseph O’Connor’s novel Star Sea story love, vulnerability identity. Set winter 1847, it tells voyage group Irish refugees travelling New York trying ...

The Nigerian liquor trade provoked fierce debate: was it advancing development or fashioning an economy based on the unproductive consumption of alcohol? The liquor trade was caught between two prevailing colonial perspectives on African economic development: the Darwinian-based principle that Western civilisation had a duty to protect Africans from all bad external influences, and the civilise...