The extensive use of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) herbicide in agriculture is accompanied by the risk environmental contamination aquatic ecosystems. In this study, effects at different concentrations (50–500 µg ml-1) on three Chlorella species including ellipsoidea, sorokiniana and vulgaris especially relation to biomass, pigment contents photosynthetic efficiency were assessed. Af...

turnips with a long history of usage, are helpful in preventing breast and prostate cancer, inflammation and body`s immune system dysfunction. in this study, we investigated the effects of chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of brassica rapa l. on cell-mediated immune response in mice. chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of b. rapa glands were prepared by maceration ...

AIM To determine whether oral glutathione (GSH) administration can alleviate the effects of fasting-induced intestinal atrophy in the small intestinal mucosa. METHODS Rats were divided into eight groups. One group was fed ad libitum, another was fed ad libitum and received oral GSH, and six groups were administrated saline (SA) or GSH orally during fasting. Mucosal height, apoptosis, and cell...

Introduction: D-galactose (D-gal) is well known as an appropriate agent to induced aging effects in the in vivo and in vitro models. In the present study, we selected crocin, the main constituent of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron), against D-gal cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Materials and Methods:  Cells were pretreated with crocin (25-500 µM) for 24 h and then expos...

The object of this study was to assess the effects of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (0.01–1.0 ng/ml) on the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level o f glutathione (GSH), all being antioxidant mechanisms, in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) in in vitro c ulture. HPMC were obtained from the omenta of nonuremic donors. The activity of the a...

CONTEXT Two reports suggested that vitamin D2 is less effective than vitamin D3 in maintaining vitamin D status. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether vitamin D2 was less effective than vitamin D3 in maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels or increased the catabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study ...

The atomic structure of the InP~001! reconstructions has been identified by scanning tunneling microscopy and infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed hydrogen. The four phases, in order of decreasing phosphorous coverage, are c(232)/p(232), uP52.0 ML; (231), uP51.0 ML; s(234), uP50.25 ML, and d(234), uP 50.125 ML. The (232) consists of phosphorous dimers adsorbed onto a layer of P atoms. Removal of t...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Calciphylaxis remains a poorly understood life-threatening disorder with limited therapeutic options. Sodium thiosulfate (STS) has reported efficacy, thought to be because solubilizing calcium deposits promote clearance by hemodialysis (HD). Lack of rigorous pharmacokinetic studies makes it problematic for determining proper STS dosing given the expanding range of dial...

Objective: To investigate the effect of interferon β (IFN-β) on the cytoskeleton, cellular elasticity and the expressions of cytoskeleton and cellular elasticity associated protein in cultured astrocytes. Methods: The astrocytes were treated with IFN-β (102 and 103 U/mL) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The shape and elasticity of astrocytes were observed by atomic force microscope. The ultrastructural of ...