The ground-level ozone is a pervasive air pollutant, which can be potentially elevated by flaring emissions during chemical plant turnaround operations (i.e., startup and shutdown). Especially in chemical plant concentrated regions, the regional air-quality (i.e., the ozone concentration) may be aggravated by simultaneous turnaround emissions from multiple chemical plants. Thus, under viable ma...

a r t i c l e i n f o China is under considerable pressure to reduce its CO 2 emissions and has given a public commitment to substantial cuts by 2020. Policy makers are acutely aware of the possible adverse economic consequences of such cuts, and an important part of this issue is the regional dimension—will policy to reduce emissions exacerbate the already large interregional disparities in Ch...

In the era of globalization and international trade, the production-based CO2 emissions accounting system, proposed by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, can easily lead to a “carbon leakage” issue. Thus, the accounting of consumption-based carbon emissions and carbon emissions embodied in international trade has received considerable research attention. Nevertheless, resear...

nitrous oxide (n2o) has significant impact on global warming and leads to the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. agricultural soil is regarded as a major source of n2o emissions. in recent years, greenhouse grown vegetables have rapidly developed in china. although excessive fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable production can result in increased n2o emissions, research data on su...

The consumption patterns of Western nations are generally deemed to be unsustainable. Yet there is little attempt to restrain either material throughput or income growth. Nonetheless, in the face of the need to make ‘deep’ cuts in carbon emissions (for instance), consumption restraint may be a perfectly legitimate response. This paper explores the potential for a Reduced Consumption Scenario in...