the proposition that natural areas need protection from the destructive actions of people iswidely accepted. this paper examines iran’s e-society attitudes and capital towards biodiversity conservationand evaluates economically iran’s national parks (nps). 2,121 respondents answered an online questionnaire conducted in summer 2012. the majority of respondents had visited one of iran’s nps. almo...

In most decision-making involving natural resources, the achievements of a given policy (e.g., improved ecosystem or biodiversity) are rather difficult to measure in monetary units. To address this problem, the current paper develops an environmental cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to include intangible benefits in intertemporal natural resource problems. This approach can assist managers in...

infrastructure development often leads to considerable changes in the land use. these changes are major causes of habitat fragmentation and ecosystem loss. moreover, decrease of the environmental impacts on biodiversity is among the most important objectives of sustainable development. for this purpose, environmental impact assessment (eia) along with the other appropriate tools can be applied ...

Environmental insecurity is a source and outcome of biodiversity declines and social conflict. One challenge to scaling insecurity reduction policies is that empirical evidence about local attitudes is overwhelmingly missing. We set three objectives: determine how local people rank risk associated with different sources of environmental insecurity; assess perceptions of environmental insecurity...

Microbial resources have been recognized as essential raw materials for the advancement of health and later for biotechnology, agriculture, food technology and for research in the life sciences, as their enormous abundance and diversity offer an unparalleled source of unexplored solutions. Microbial domain biological resource centres (mBRC) provide live cultures and associated data to foster an...