Experts and their judgments are widely used in the fields of research, education, health care, law, commerce and technology. Expert judgment is known for its subjectivity and its potential for bias, which brings into question the accuracy and authenticity of judgmental data. At the same time there is acknowledgment of the valued contribution of judgmental data towards valid inferences in resear...

Ecologists collect and evaluate data from all possible data sources, sources of objective (mostly quantitative) data, like measurements and simulation results and sources of subjective (often only imprecise qualitative) information, like subjective estimations obtained from an expert. Not all ecological parameters are measurable, for example, the number and biomass of fi sh in a particular lake...

People in every organization could be considered as the most important resource which contributes to the development of that organization. In fact, human capital is the most important dimension of organization’s intellectual capital especially in service-oriented organizations like municipality. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to introduce a suitable framework for human capital eva...

objective: this study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of sociocultural attitude towards appearance questionnaire in female adolescents. method: this was a methodological study. the english version of the questionnaire was translated into persian, using forward-backward method. then the face validity, content validity and reliability were checked. to ensure face validity, the ques...

One of the principle issues in multiple agent systems is how to treat the judgments of the agents in those systems: should they be combined or treated separately? If the judgments are "substantially different" then that likely signals different models being employed by the agents. As a result, if the experts’ judgments are disparate, then it is unlikely that the judgments should be combined. Ho...