establishment of the gas exporting countries forum in tehran in 2001 has proved to be one of the most important changes in the gas market. gecf has a considerable share in the world liquefied natural gas (lng) trade. facts show that current routes of lng trade are not optimal. hence, in this paper we examine the development of cooperative strategies between countries exporting (lng) and members...

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Russia, with total production of 581 bcm (billion of cubic meters), is the world’s leading producer of gas. Despite that, however, the problems currently faced by its gas industry are many and significant. On one hand, questions are still being asked on the capacity of Gazprom, the national company, to face up to the considerable financial needs to renew the major gas deposits developed under t...

European countries are required to look for alternative gas suppliers deliver energy security Europe. Qatar has been proposed be an supplier; however, there problems that limit from exporting more Europe, namely: the limited LNG quantities available export, long-term fixed contracting strategy, and lack of room receive additional in terminals. As these critical this research aims propose potent...

The security of gas supply is a crucially important question for the economy of any country. South-eastern Australia has a sophisticated network of gas pipelines that connect the production sites on the ocean shelf and in the inner part of the continent with the major consumers, which are the state capital cities (Adelaide, Melbourne, Hobart, Sydney and Brisbane) and the regional industrial tow...

The Russian-Ukrainian crisis has revitalized the European concerns of supply disruptions of natural gas as experienced in 2006 and 2009. However, the European supply situation, regulation and infrastructure have changed since: imports are more diversified, EU member states better connected and a common regulation on the security of supply has been introduced. Nevertheless, several East European...

The importance of drug as a valuable export product in the global economy becomes more clear every day. Understanding the problems of exports and factors affecting it, can be an important step to keep Iran’s position in the world markets and further export development of this product.In this study, Iranian pharmaceutical exports’ supply and demand functions were calculated using co-integration ...

Foreign trade expansion plays an important role in economic growth and development. Since Iran’s single-product economy is facing tight sanctions, among trading partners, Turkey benefits from special place, and political independence in international relations because of its large population, rising per capita income, high economic growth rate, geographical and cultural proximity to Iran. Many ...