&ik, Z., Results on homomorphic realization of automata by a,-products, Theoretical Computer Science 87 (1991) 229-249. The notion of an irreducible semigroup has been fundamental to the Krohn-Rhodes decomposition. In this paper we study a similar concept and point out its equivalence with the Krohn-Rhodes irreducibility. We then use the new aspect of irreducible semigroups to provide cascade d...

Dividing attention across multiple words occasionally results in misidentifications whereby letters apparently migrate between words. Previous studies have found that letter migrations preserve within-word letter position, which has been interpreted as support for position-specific letter coding. To investigate this issue, the authors used word pairs like STEP and SOAP, in which a letter in 1 w...

We study a family of equivalence relations on Sn, the group of permutations on n letters, created in a manner similar to that of the Knuth relation and the forgotten relation. For our purposes, two permutations are in the same equivalence class if one can be reached from the other through a series of pattern-replacements using patterns whose order permutations are in the same part of a predeter...

the term “spirituality” has been proposed to denote the notion of intellectuality. actually, the former has been derived from the latin words “spiritus” (means breath) and “spirare” (means inhaling or breathing). given the latin translations of the new testament, the term “spiritualis” or spiritual person is an individual whose life is dominated or influenced by the holy spirit or god (1).