The Quranic concept of lapidating devils with meteors has received a variety of interpretations throughout Islamic history. In the past, it was interpreted to mean heavenly meteors thrown at devils in order to prevent them from giving ear to heavenly tidings. However, in the fourteenth century AH and as a result of modern scientific achievements, different non-literal interpretations were sugge...

This paper describes a direct revelation mechanism for eliciting (a) Decision makers’ range of subjective priors under Knightian uncertainty and their second-order introspective belief and (b) Bayesian decision makers’ range of posteriors and their subjective information

This article was written with the aim of discussing integration between religion and philosophy in view Ibn Rusyd. In classical civilization there have been long debates struggles caused by differences opinion philosophers jurists. One side based their ideas on thinking intellect, while other argued revelation. Rusyd, a Muslim philosopher who very fond science, sought to integrate religion. Rus...

The allusive (ishārī) method of exegesis is the name given to process interpreting Qurʾān depending on particular type knowledge called maʿrifah, which accepted be based spiritual experience. In ishārī exegesis, meanings verses are revealed Sufi’s mind, and then, Sufi expresses those senses through symbols signs by employing an implicit style. Comprehensive advanced works have been written over...

For many years, the exegesis of the parables of Jesus was determined by assump­ tions that were largely purported by Adolf Jülicher and subsequently underwent only insignificant modification. The Kompendium der Gleichnisse Jesu (ed. R. Zimmermann, Gütersloh 2007), whose methodology and hermeneutics are explained in this article, takes a new route, as can be illustrated in four steps. From a his...

the visual form of writing has not only meaning apart from the content of writing but also different language from the language of writing. based on this claim, graphologists believe that it is possible to recognize writers’ thought through their handwriting. in fact, graphologists constituted some principles for analyzing handwriting as well as semiotic system for interpreting the visual diver...