Deep dyslexics are patients with neurological damage who exhibit a variety of symptoms in oral reading, including semantic, visual and morphological effects in their errors, a part-of-speech effect, and better performance on concrete than abstract words. Extending work by Hinton & Shallice (1991), we develop a recurrent connectionist network that pronounces both concrete and abstract words via ...

One of the main challenges of embodied theories is accounting for meanings of abstract words. The most common explanation is that abstract words, like concrete ones, are grounded in perception and action systems. According to other explanations, abstract words, differently from concrete ones, would activate situations and introspection; alternatively, they would be represented through metaphori...

Words Abstract words are words or concepts that cannot be grasped by the human senses and that do not provoke a corresponding image in the mind. In the German language, abstract words may be constructed from adjectives and verbs with an emotional tone, for example ärgern Ärger (to make angry anger), hassen Hass (to hate hatred), blöd Blödheit (foolish foolishness), dumm Dummheit (stupidly stupi...

BACKGROUND: The significance of imageability and concreteness as factors for lexical tasks in aphasic individuals is under debate. No previous treatment studies have looked specifically at training abstract words compared to concrete for improved lexical retrieval in patients with chronic aphasia. AIM: The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a treatment for lexical retrie...