Immunofluorescence is a valuable auxiliary diagnostic tool for autoimmune bullous diseases and inflammatory disorders, since their clinical and histopathologic findings may be inconclusive. It is a feasible laboratory method that requires experienced technicians and detects in situ and circulating immune deposits that may be involved in the pathogenesis of such skin diseases.

purpose: to compare the results of two methods of canalicular laceration repair. methods: this clinical trial was performed on 50 eyes of 50 patients with lacerated canaliculi who were randomly assigned to two groups. direct reanastomosis of the lacerated canaliculus was performed using 8-0 vicryl suture (25 eyes) and indirect repair was performed by reapproximation of the overlying orbicularis...

How can a constituency continue to receive targeted benefits even without a representative in the legislature? We provide a theoretical model to demonstrate why constituency groups linked to specific candidates would receive politicized government transfers even when the group loses its representative in the legislature. The model also suggests that the amount of transfers a group with a repres...

The direct effect of one event on another can be defined and measured by holding constant all intermediate variables between the two. Indirect effects present conceptual and prac­ tical difficulties (in nonlinear models), be­ cause they cannot be isolated by holding cer­ tain variables constant. This paper presents a new way of defining the effect transmit­ ted through a restricted set of paths...

This text is pp. 042343-042354 in the Cairns Nachlass held in the Archival Repository of the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. at the University of Memphis. It is a typescript with corrections by the author on several pages. There was originally no title, but there is the date “August 24, 1954” at the head of the first page. It seems the script for a lecture and it seems compl...

Everybody agrees that the distinction between direct and indirect causation is important. And it seems easy to draw, i f an analysis of causation in general is available. The causal influence of one event on another is direct, if it is not mediated by other events in between; otherwise it is indirect. The trouble is with the proviso. Indeed, I contend that the order of analysis must be reversed...