A high percentage of women receiving 5 mg. of norethynodrel with mestranol in cyclic fashion for contraception have decreased glucose tolerance. Ten per cent have elevated fasting levels, 20 per cent have elevated one-hour levels and 46 per cent have elevated two-hour levels (greater than our normal mean + 2 standard deviations of 105, 156 and 113 mg./lOO ml., respectively). The incidence of ab...

Candida albicans is a pathogenic member of the human oral and gastrointestinal microbiota. Biofilms of C. albicans form on indwelling devices, such as catheters and heart valves, and recent evidence suggests that biofilms also form on the mucosal surfaces of the mouth and vagina. Biofilm infections of prosthetic devices are untreatable by antifungals and infections of the mucosa are frequently ...

Changes in neural activity caused by exposure to drugs may trigger homeostatic mechanisms that attempt to restore normal neural excitability. In Drosophila, a single sedation with the anesthetic benzyl alcohol changes the expression of the slo K(+) channel gene and induces rapid drug tolerance. We demonstrate linkage between these two phenomena by using a mutation and a transgene. A mutation th...

Ultra-low-dose opioid antagonists, when combined with opiates, increase the analgesic efficacy and duration of analgesia of the opiate. This enhanced and prolonged analgesia was recently demonstrated in a 350-patient Phase II clinical trial of Oxytrex, a novel drug candidate that combines oxycodone with an ultra-low dose of the opioid antagonist naltrexone. Extensive preclinical data also show ...

Complete immunological tolerance to sheep cells can be induced in mice when cyclophosphamide is injected together with sheep cells or up to 72 hr before or 48 hr after the antigen. As is true for radiation-induced immune suppression, the drug is most effective when given in the 24 hr prior to antigen. Complete cyclophosphamide-induced immunological suppression requires large doses of sheep cell...

Abstract Background and Objective: According to the issue of dependence and tolerance in addicted patients, the inefficiency of existing treatments and the new recommendation for drug combination therapy for diseases in modern pharmacology, the present study examined the effect of methadone and valproate combination on morphine dependence and tolerance. Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight male ...