Two-dimensional GIS are extensively used in geology to create, analyse, and interpret geological map models. However, these systems are unable to represent the Earth’s subsurface in three spatial dimensions. The objective of this article is to overcome this deficiency and to provide a general framework for a 3d GIS. The presented approach is based on existing 3d geomodelling theory and software...

Geo-anomalies with complex structures in the earth’s crust may be defined as preferable hydrothermal oreforming targets. The separation and explanation of anomaly from geological background have a profound influence on the analysis of geological evolution and the ore-forming process. Usually one of the key steps to identify favorable exploration targets is to determine the threshold to separate...

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between geological background and habitats of mushrooms. The study area is Grevena, a Prefecture of Greece well known for the great variety of the fungal flora and its distinctive geology. Thematic maps of the study area were produced with the use of GIS, taking under consideration geological formations, elevation, ecosystems and land use. Fin...

reliable characterization of subsurface soil in urban areas is a major concern in geotechnical and geological engineering projects. in this regard, this research deals with development of a 3d geological engineering model on mashhad city soil using sequential gaussian simulation (sgs) approach. the intense variability of soil in the study area has sometimes caused serious problems in civil engi...