Objective: Today some of the problems and difficulties in developing countries are related to the manner of their internal migrations. Each year millions of the rural population in the developing countries decided to migrate to the urban areas of these countries and this phenomenon has had negative consequences in the cities. In fact the migration that itself is created by many factors is a...

Urban development plans are provided with a surface attitude to the economic, social, and physical dimensions of cities in Iran.. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ecology of urban development projects in Iran. This is a case study of urban constructs with a social approach and phenomenology. The research questions are follows as: 1. What are the implications of the existing ratio...

Despite the existence of rich cultural, historical and technological foundations in the architecture and urbanism of Iran, current condition depicts weaknesses, inadequacy, deficiency, alienation and identity crisis. The lack of a systematic approach toward Islamic urbanism for implementing sympathetic demands is one of the most important contemporary issues. This subject is particularly obviou...

while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...

Background and Aim: Equitable distribution of health system resources and hospital beds is crucial for an acceptable level of health for all the people of the country. The aim of this study was to examine the equity in distribution of hospital beds in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and cross sectional study data were collected from Ministry of Health and Medical Education and ...