Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The causative agent of this disease was originally described by Filippo Pacini in 1854, and afterwards further analyzed by Robert Koch in 1884. It is estimated that each year there are 1.3 million to 4 million cases of cholera, and 21 000 to 143 000 deaths worldwide ...

This article aims to find out how the provisions for legalization of power attorney from abroad at Embassy Republic Indonesia, as well enactment Presidential Regulation Number 2 2021 concerning Ratification Convention on Elimination Legalization Requirements Foreign Public Documents. research method is normative legal research, using rules, principles, and doctrines in statutory regulations. st...

Italy has recently introduced regulations that profoundly change the arrangement of ethics committees. Specifically, their numbers have been reduced from more than 200 to a few dozen.The decree defining the criteria for their composition and functioning includes regulations intended to improve efficiency and efficacy. The present article provides a brief overview of the new provisions and ident...

Congress enacted the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) in 1986 to prohibit patient dumping. Subsequent to its passage, however, issues concerning the application of EMTALA have vexed hospitals, patients, regulators, and courts. In an attempt to clarify these issues, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) recently promulgated new EMTALA regulations. This Article revi...

Air pollution is the major concern and challenge of Tehran urban areas’ management. Various rules, regulation, and laws had been codifiesd on this matter. In present research, the enforcement of laws and regulation concerning air pollution in the field of land-use and transportation is being addressed. The purpose of this article is to suggest an applicable (applied) framework embracing a descr...

This paper investigates whether the efficiency effect of product market dispersion is a function of the infrastructural and policy environment. We hypothesize that more developed transportation and communication infrastructure and lower government regulation may reduce transaction costs, intensifying the competition associated with a given market structure, and we use data from the recently lib...

Imagine a world where government regulation of gasoline, justified by scarcity of supply, allowed 20% of the gasoline in the U.S. to be used for farming; 20% for manufacturing; 20% for home use; 20% for government; and another 20% held in reserve for future potential government uses. In this world, prices would regulate the use of gasoline within each sector, but consumers would pay vastly diff...