We consider a supply chain with an upstream supplier who invests in innovation and a downstream manufacturer who sells to consumers. We study the impact of supply chain contracts with endogenous upstream innovation, focusing on three different contract scenarios: (i) a wholesale price contract, (ii) a quality-dependent wholesale price contract, and (iii) a revenuesharing contract. We confirm th...

The coordination of a decentralized supply chain can be achieved by adopting supply chain contracts. This paper investigates how a decentralized supply chain can be coordinated by a revenue sharing contract, in which the supplier offers the retailer a lower wholesale price in return for a percentage of the retailer’s revenue. Salvage value and goodwill loss are taken into consideration, since i...

：Online game is a typical E-business indusry. Firstly, the problem is pointed out that the present researches on supply chain contracts designed for tangible traditional products have not considered the characteristic of intangible products such as online game industry. Secondly, the members and operation progress of the supply chain are explored in online game industry. Thirdly, a new supply c...

The primary purpose of this paper is to highlight for the research community and practitioners the various aspects of using VMI-type supply chains in today’s business environment as well as a number of directions for future studies. In this regard, fifty articles published in major international journals, beginning in 1995, which contribute to the VMI-type supply chains are reviewed via a syste...

Contract farming is a growing practice in developing countries and first-world economies, alike. It generates necessary guarantees to sustain the continued operations of vulnerable farmers while enabling the manufacturers to manage the aggregate supply and price risk. We consider a single manufacturer who owns several manufacturing plants, each with a random demand for the crop. The manufacture...

The coordination of two-echelons supply chain by buyback contract under the imperfect product quality and fuzzy demand environment is investigated in this paper. The mathematical models are built based on credibility theory, and the optimal parameters of buyback contract are obtained. In addition, the influence of the imperfect product rate on the parameters of buyback contract is analyzed. Fin...

Revenue-sharing contracts are a kind of mechanism aimed at improving performance and achieving precise coordination of the supply chain. In this paper, we analyse and develop the revenue-sharing contract model of the three-level supply chain with distributor’s sales effort dependent demand. The paper discusses the impacts of sales efforts on coordination of the supply chain and explains the rea...

In this paper, an inventory model for deterioration items in a two-echelon supply chain including one retailer and one manufacturer is proposed by considering the stock and price dependent demand and capacity constraint for holding inventories. First, the model is presented as a leader-follower game in which the manufacturer announces wholesale prices. Second, the retailer decides for the order...

Drug has a great and crucial role inboth the health systems and the quality of life, and thereforeits shortage can cause death.In order to the important role of drugs,pharmaceutical supply chain(PSC) shouldensure that drugs are delivered to people in the right time with the best quality.On the other hand, thesupply chain (SC) members depend on each other for resources and information, and it ha...