Monoclonal antibodies that block immune regulatory proteins such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in controlling the growth of multiple tumor types. Unresectable or metastatic basal cell carcinoma, however, has largely gone untested. Because PD-Ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in other tumor types has been associated with response to anti-PD-1, we investigated the e...

An estimated 34 million people are living with HIV worldwide (UNAIDS, 2012), with the number of infected persons rising every year. Increases in HIV prevalence have resulted not only from new infections, but also from increases in the survival of HIV-infected persons produced by effective anti-retroviral therapies. Augmentation of anti-viral immune responses may be able to further increase the ...

Blocking the immunoinhibitory PD-1:PD-L1 pathway using monoclonal antibodies has led to dramatic clinical responses by reversing tumor immune evasion and provoking robust and durable antitumor responses. Anti-PD-1 antibodies have now been approved for the treatment of melanoma, and are being clinically tested in a number of other tumor types as both a monotherapy and as part of combination regi...

Protumorigenic PD-1(hi) B cells, induced in hepatocellular carcinoma, suppress tumor-specific T-cell response via IL10-dependent pathways upon PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies may function not only through blocking the PD-1 coinhibitory pathway in T cells but also via abolishing the suppressive function of regulatory B cells. Cancer Discov; 6(5); 477-8. ©2016 AACRSee r...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Both pathogenic and regulatory immune processes are involved in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of experimental stroke, including interactions involving the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its 2 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Although PD-1 reduced stroke severity, PD-L1 and PD-L2 appeared to play pathogenic roles, suggesting the use of anti-PD-L monocl...

BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that platycodin D (PD) exhibits anti-cancer activities. This study aims to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of the combination of PD and doxorubicin (DOX) on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells). METHODS The anti-proliferative effects of different dosages of PD, DOX, and PD + DOX on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were determined by t...

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a known immunoinhibitory receptor that contributes to immune evasion of various tumor cells and pathogens causing chronic infection, such as bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection. First, in this study, to establish a method for the expression and functional analysis of bovine PD-1, hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for bovine PD-1 were establ...

Objective(s): The present study was conducted to examine the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on the anti-apoptotic pathways in Parkinsonian rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were assigned to four groups (10 animals each): sham surgery (Sham), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned (OH), 6-OHDA-lesioned plus grid control (OH+GC), 6-OHDA-lesioned plus SD (OH+SD). Parkinson’s di...

In the present study, we investigated the effect of a new anticancer Pd(II) complex, 1,10-phenanthroline-n-butyl dithiocarbamato Pd(II) nitrate, on the heme releasing from human hemoglobin (Hb) as well as alterations in the structure and function of Hb using different spectroscopic methods of UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD)at two temperatures of 25 and 37 °C. Fluorescence data ...