The main criterion in investment decisions is to maximize the investors utility. Traditional capital asset pricing models cannot be used when asset returns do not follow a normal distribution. For this reason, we use capital asset pricing model with independent and identically asymmetric power distributed (CAPM-IIAPD) and capital asset pricing model with asymmetric independent and identically a...

We present the first type and effect system for proving authenticity properties of security protocols based on asymmetric cryptography. The most significant new features of our type system are: (1) a separation of public types (for data possibly sent to the opponent) from tainted types (for data possibly received from the opponent) via a subtype relation; (2) trust effects, to guarantee that ta...

In this paper we examine two methods for modelling asymmetries, namely dynamic leverage and threshold effects, in Stochastic Volatility (SV) models, one based on the threshold effects (TE) indicator function of Glosten, Jagannathan and Runkle (1992), and the other on dynamic leverage (DL), or the negative correlation between the innovations in returns and volatility. A general dynamic leverage ...

We propose and demonstrate a simple method to generate ultrawideband (UWB) pulses in the optical domain using a chirped intensity modulator and an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI). Polarity- and shape-switchable UWB Gaussian monocycle, doublet, and triplet pulses with fractional bandwidths of 158%, 134%, and 100% and center frequencies of 6.52, 9.78, and 10.1 GHz are experimentally...

In previous studies we found that the asymmetric induction of bis(oxazolines) based on D-glucosamine strongly depended on the steric demand of the 3-O-substituents. To further probe the impact of the 3-position of the pyranose scaffold, we prepared 3-epimerised and 3-defunctionalised versions of these ligands as well as a 3-O-formyl derivative. Application of these new ligands in asymmetric cyc...

asymmetric information in iran’s insurance market: case study for automobile insurance in iran insurance companythis research aims to test the presence of asymmetric information by using the dynamic information of automobile policyholders in the iran insurance company (iic). the conditional independence test is conducted by bivariate probit model, the dynamic properties which are presented for ...

Grading systems are often introduced to address the classic adverse selection problem associated with asymmetric information about product quality. However, grades are rarely measured perfectly, and adverse selection outcomes may persist due to grading error. We study the effects of errors in grading, focusing on asymmetric grading errors-namely when low-quality product can erroneously be class...

Interlaminar fracture toughness in carbon fiber reinforced plastics has been studied primarily using unidirectional or symmetric laminates. However, even quasi-isotropic laminates, delamination caused by an out-of-plane impact could result asymmetric, partial Thus, evaluating the interlaminar asymmetric particularly that of Mode II associated with resistance, is necessary. Asymmetric laminates ...