food safety is considered as an important world concern. the detection of pathogen and toxic materials in food has an important role in public health care. in recent years, the applications of microbial biosensor have been developed as a new approach for toxicity control. luminescent microbial biosensor is an appropriate biological tool for protection of natural environment. this type of biosen...

introduction acetic acid bacteria are large group of obligate aerobic gram negative bacteria with the ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid (1). they are widely distributed in natural habitats and classified in family acetobacteraceae. members of this family are useful in industrial production of vinegar(2). acetic acid bacteria (aab) can use substrates as glucose, ethanol, lactate or glyc...

1. to determine whether difference in birth body mass influenced growth performance in pipistrellus kuhlii we studied a total of 12 captive-born neonates. bats were assigned to two body mass groups: light birth body mass (lbw: 0.89 ± 0.05, n=8) and heavy birth body mass (hbw: 1.35 ± 0.08, n=4). heavier body mass at birth was associated with rapid postnatal growth (body mass and forearm length) ...

Background and Objective: Since the preparation of antibacterial materials in dentistry is very noticeable, therefore, we tried to evaluate this effect on Streptococcus mutans by addition of silica nanoparticles to LCGI (light curing glass ionomer). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, we had five LCGI experimental groups that contained 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2% (w/w) of silica nanopa...

Introduction: Resistance increase to a variety of antibiotics has caused microbiology researchers to develop new ways instead of the conventional treatment methods for preventing bacterial infections. Nowadays, Phages or bacterial contaminant particles are using as an efficient method in the treatment of many infectious diseases. The uses of live bacteriophages in the treatment of fatal disease...