In this research, the demand function of drinkable  water in Qazvin Province was estimated using dynamic and static methods. The required data were collected from the data of the provinces of Qazvin in the time period (1996-2016) and collected by referring to the statistical system of Statistics Center of Iran and the provincial planning and budget organization of Qazvin Province. The explanato...

abstract marketing element’s contrastive behaviors toward price risk had considerable effect on marketing margin in a way that transferring increase in price to final consumer, reduces purchasing power and so consumption amounts of consumers. present study evaluated effective parameters on marketing margin in 2 level of ranch-processing and processing- retail of beef and lamb with consideration...

liberalization of energy price increases costs of agricultural inputs and costs of agricultural production. all these changes may affect the overall competitiveness of domestic products with similar foreign products. as a result of that, total cost of agricultural products are increased and profitability are decreased. in this paper, energy consumption for producing corn were calculated using c...

We explore a methodological improvement to the standard dynamic demand model for petrol–a general model which allows for slowly evolving, unobservable habits. If this habit formation model is correct, then standard estimation techniques produce inconsistent estimates. We find price elasticities of -0.13 (short-run) and -0.20 (long-run). Importantly, standard techniques are misleading about the ...

â â â  â  zahra zamani [1] â â  seyed komail tayebi â  department of economics, university of isfahan, iran â â department of economics, university of isfahan, iran â â â  abstract â  international trade causes that markets to become more competitive and small-medium sized enterprises (smes) learn to compete effectively within this increasingly competitive global market place. smes are able to ...

Temporary price reductions (sales) are common for many goods and naturally result in large increases in the quantity sold. Demand estimation based on temporary price reductions may mismeasure the long-run responsiveness to prices. In this paper we quantify the extent of the problem and assess its economic implications. We structurally estimate a dynamic model of consumer choice using two years ...