A stream is a continuous version of a supply chain. It is like a series inventory system, but stock can be held at any point along a continuum, not just at discrete stages. We assume stationary parameters and aim to minimize the long-run average total cost. We show that a stationary continuous-stage echelon base-stock policy is optimal. That is, at each geographic point along the supply stream,...

With the emerging of global economy and the development of the technology in computer and communications, the enterprises are facing to new opportunities but also more challenges, which led to the concept of SC (Supply Chain). By controlling and collaborating each part of the supply chain, SCM (Supply Chain Management) reaches the aim of reducing the cost, improving the quality as well as servi...

Supply chain is an accepted way of remaining in the competition in today's rapidly changing market. This paper presents a coordinated seller-buyer supply chain model in two stages, which is called Joint Economic Lot Sizing (JELS) in literature. The delivery activities in the supply chain consist of a single raw material. We assume that the delivery lead time is stochastic and follows an exponen...

  The importance of reliable supply is increasing with supply chain network extension and just-in-time (JIT) production. Just in time implications motivate manufacturers towards single sourcing, which often involves problems with unreliable suppliers. If a single and reliable vendor is not available, manufacturer can split the order among the vendors in order to simultaneously decrease the supp...

Consider a supply chain in which a product must pass through multiple sites located in series before it is finally delivered to outside customers. Incentive problems may arise in this system when decisions are delegated to corresponding site managers, each maximizing his/her own performance metric. From the overall system’s point of view, the decentralized supply chain may not be as efficient a...

Transportation models play an important role in logistics and supply chain management for reducing cost and improving service. This paper develops a procedure to derive the fuzzy objective value of the fuzzy transportation problem, in that the cost coefficients and the supply and demand quantities are fuzzy numbers. The idea is based on the extension principle. A pair of mathematical programs i...

In this paper a serial, three echelon, push-pull supply chain is investigated. The supply chain consists of a provider, a distribution centre (buffer) and a retailer. The material flow between upstream stages is push type, while between downstream stages it is driven by continuous review, reorder point/order quantity inventory control policy. Exponentially distributed lead times between stages ...

Reinforcement learning (RL) appeals to many researchers in recent years because of its generality. It is an approach to machine intelligence that learns to achieve the given goal by trial-and-error iterations with its environment. This paper proposes a case-based reinforcement learning algorithm (CRL) for dynamic inventory control in a multi-agent supply-chain system. Traditional time-triggered...

This paper considers a dyadic supply chain with uncertain supplier. Both retailer and supplier use continuous review policy. The supplier is randomly available for supplying the retailer. The retailer faces Poisson demands. In this system, lead time is a random variable consists of a constant transportation time plus a random delay occurs due to availability of stock at the supplier. This paper...