نتایج جستجو برای: first language
تعداد نتایج: 1797212 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
esl/efl books play a crucial role in shaping language learners worldview of gender roles in society. the present study investigated the status of sexism in two sets of efl textbooks, one developed by non-native iranian authors (ili series) and the other by native authors (top notch series). first, two books from each series was selected randomly. then, a quantitative analysis was carried out wi...
for any educational program to be successful, many factors work hand in hand. based on pervious efl studies, teachers and learners are the keys to gain achievement. granted the fact that explicit and implicit practice plays a key role in education, knowledge of it can help teachers facilitate students’ vocabulary learning. this study investigated to determine the contribution of explicit and i...
this exploratory study aimed to investigate a possible relationship between learners’ beliefs about language learning and one of their personality traits; that is,locus of control (loc). both variables, beliefs and locus of control, are assumed to influence the language learning process. the internal control index (ici) and the beliefs about language learning inventory (balli) were administered...
the effect of learning strategies on the speaking ability of iranian students in the context of language institutes abstract language learning strategies are of the most important factors that help language learners to learn a foreign language and how they can deal with the four language skills specifically speaking skill effectively. acknowledging the great impact of learning strategies...
This paper presents an investigation of lexical first language (L1) attrition, assessing in what way a decrease in lexical accessibility manifests itself for long-term residents in a second language (L2) environment. We question the measures typically used in attrition studies (formal tasks and type-token ratios) and argue for an in-depth analysis of free spoken data, including factors such as ...
In this article the first christian written literary theosophical works will be synoptically brought forward. To this end the writer first runs over the historical eras of Iranian languages. Then Sogdian language from the Eastern Middle Iranian languages category will be introduced as the first language in which christian works have been written. Lastly Nestorianism the prevailing school of chr...
In this paper the prosodic structure of American Sign Language (ASL) narratives will be analyzed in three groups: two groups of native (L1) signers and one group of highly proficient, second language (L2) signers. The results of this study show that the performance in the native hearing, bilingual group is due to both to their ASL language experience, and, under certain conditions, to their exp...
The relation between the timing of language input and development of neural organization for language processing in adulthood has been difficult to tease apart because language is ubiquitous in the environment of nearly all infants. However, within the congenitally deaf population are individuals who do not experience language until after early childhood. Here, we investigated the neural underp...
While many second language (L2) acquisition studies analyze the effects that the first language (L1) has on L2 development, less common are studies that examine the converse situation: does acquisition of an L2 impact the L1? This study examines the effects of L2 acquisition on L1 use by looking at the L1 phonological productions of advanced L2 learners vis-à-vis the production of monolingual s...
Historically, typesetting languages have been designed for the entry of text. An embedded command language has since become important, indeed essential, but has remained a second-class citizen, sometimes masquerading as text, invariably clumsy and inadequate. We have designed a language that is a full-function programming language with embedded text. This shift in emphasis results in a level of...
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