Investigating the causal factors, effects, and strategies to overcome writing anxiety is aim of this research. A fifth semester student English Education Study Program, Teacher Training Faculty Universitas Tanjungpura with high learning motivation was chosen as participant case study design employed in research by using semi-structured interview document analysis method data collection. The res...

Children at about age 18 months experience acceleration in word learning. This vocabulary explosion is a robust phenomenon, although the exact shape and timing vary from child to child. One class of explanations, which we term collectively as leveraged learning, posits that knowledge of some words helps with the learning of others. In this framework, the child initially knows no words and so le...

Patterns of word use both reflect and influence a myriad of human activities and interactions. Like other entities that are reproduced and evolve, words rise or decline depending upon a complex interplay between their intrinsic properties and the environments in which they function. Using Internet discussion communities as model systems, we define the concept of a word niche as the relationship...

The current study investigated the effects of L1 and L2 glosses on L2 vocabulary retention in incidental and intentional settings. To this end, 100 intermediate Iranian female learners of English as a foreign language at Soroosh High School were given a pre-test to make sure that they do not have any prior knowledge of the target words. Reading passages with three different glossing conditions ...

Two main features of vocabulary knowledge, namely breadth and depth, have a fundamental role in vocabulary research. This research aimed to study the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension, and to investigate which feature of vocabulary knowledge, breadth or depth, had better impact on identifying reading comprehension performance. Therefore, three language tests we...

The vocabularies of endangered languages surrounded by more prestigious languages are gradually shrinking in size due to the influx of borrowed items. It is easy to observe that in such languages, starting from some frequency rank, the lower the frequency of a vocabulary item, the higher the probability of that item being a borrowed one. On the basis of the data from the Beserman dialect of Udm...