This paper examines the question of linguistic complexity in two shift ecologies northeastern Russia. It is frequently claimed that language results simplification across a range domains grammars shifting speakers ( Campbell and Muntzel 1989 ; Dorian O’Shannessy 2011 ). We challenge breadth this claim, showing while there are undoubtedly patterns can be described as some grammatical domain, ove...

Abstract In the era of deep learning, modeling for most natural language processing (NLP) tasks has converged into several mainstream paradigms. For example, we usually adopt sequence labeling paradigm to solve a bundle such as POS-tagging, named entity recognition (NER), and chunking, classification like sentiment analysis. With rapid progress pre-trained models, recent years have witnessed ri...

from applied linguistic point of view, the fundamental question facing the language teachers, methodologists and course designers is which procedure is more effective in fl/sl: learning to use or using to learn? definitely, in order to be a competent language user, knowledge of language system is necessary, but it is not sufficient to be a successful language user. that is why there was a gradu...

speech production, first language acquisition, field phonetics, morphology, shift, Quechua, Spanish