This study was inspired by VanPatten and Uludag’s (2011) study on the transferability of training via processing instruction to output tasks and Mori’s (2002) work on the development of talk-in-interaction during a group task. An interview was devised as the pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest to compare four intervention types for teaching the simple past passive: traditional intervention ...

AbstractThe current study examined the modification devices (MDs) used by non-native speakers (NNSs) learning EFL during dyadic task-based interactions. Three meaning-oriented tasks, namely picture-description, spot-the-difference, and opinion-exchange, were used to elicit data from 24(12 male and 12 female, forming 4 male-male, 4 female-female, and 4 male-female dyads) Iranian EFL learners wit...

Settling disputes, even disputes about meaning, by third party arbitration is different from settling them by negotiation. Moreover, disputes can be settled by a procedure in which the disputing parties follow a protocol that prohibits them from simply following their original aims. They can collectively constitute an arbitrator. This provides an alternative model for resolving differences in m...

In this study, it is attempted to survey some intervening factors leading L2 Iranian learners’ not to be successful as well, and then seeks some of the features that might be applicable to open new windows into L2 learners in Iran. Also it concerns some aspects of language learning, which have received poor attention from both pedagogical and non-pedagogical areas. This article examined some so...

This discussion presents several alternative strategies for approaching the problem of semantic interoperability, based on recent projects to develop software agents and systems that attempt to reconcile ontological differences without explicit ontologies. The difficulties of reconciling explicit ontologies are discussed, and possibilities for meaning negotiation through implicit approaches are...

Nowadays, intercultural communication via email among various groups and societies has been increasingly important as an aspect of communication. This research aims at investigating aspects of politeness meaning negotiation via emails exchanged between English and Persian speakers with different cultural backgrounds. The present study also reveals the potentials for using emails to experience c...