INTRODUCTION Industrial nitrogen fixation plays an important role in sustaining approximately 40% of the Earth’s population through generation of synthetic fertilizers. Annually, ca. 500 million tons of anhydrous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and urea are produced through the Haber-Bosch process, which requires harsh conditions (200 atm, 450-500C) and affords low yields 10-20%. It has been estimat...

effective methodologies for efficient preparation of semicarbazones from aldehydes or ketones via milling and the subsequent regeneration of the parent carbonyls by gaseous nitrogen dioxide are described under solid-solid and gas-solid reaction conditions, respectively. these methods are fast, simple and environmentally benign which do not require the use of any auxiliaries such as catalysts or...

the synthesis of 3-amino-1-nitroguanidine (3-anq) and 5-hydrazino tetrazole (5-ht) derivatives as new energetic materials are described. reaction of 3-anq with triethyl orthoformate leads to the formation of 3-nitramino triazole while no reaction was observed whit 5-ht. addition of nan3 to a mixture of 3-anq and triethyl orthoformate, afforded 1-nitroguanidyl tetrazole in excellent yield. on th...

A study has been made of the distribution and properties of the free amino acid pool in yeast. The depletion of the pool was found to depend upon the energy source used, conditions of growth, and the nature of the exogenous nitrogen source. Pool levels could be restored either by an internal replenishment mechanism or by various nitrogen sources. In the absence of internal replenishment a stron...

Nitrogen-containing compounds are core parts not only of natural and synthetic medicines but also of biologically active compounds including natural products. This review focuses on the development of new synthetic reactions for nitrogen-containing compounds via three methodologies: the reductive photocycloaddition reaction of enamides, radical addition reaction, and nucleophilic addition react...

This chapter considers the emissions of ammonia (NH 3) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from the excreta of agricultural animals deposited in buildings and collected as either liquid slurry or solid manure. This includes emissions from animal excreta at all stages: animal housing, manure storage and from land spreading of manures. Excreta deposited in fields by grazing animals are dealt with under SNA...