background: despite the advances in medical therapy and technology, the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf) remains poor and the need for disease prevention based on identifying the risk factors becomes mandatory. occupational and environmental exposures were studied in several countries and found to play important role in the disease development. however, in egypt, a little attent...

test method facet is one of the factors which can have an influence on the test takers’ performance. the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of two different response types, multiple-choice cloze and multiple-choice test, on the pre-intermediate and intermediate test takers’ reading comprehension performance. to this end, 40 pre-intermediate and intermediate learners par...

results genotype b (73.6%) and genotype c (26.4%) were detected in these patients. after treatment for 12 months, the rate of hbv dna seroclearance, alt normalization, and hbeag seroconversion were significantly higher in adv group than in placebo group (p < 0.05). however, there were no significant differences in these three rates between patients infected with genotype b and c (p > 0.05). obj...

This study was designed to investigate the effect of grammar and vocabulary pre-teaching, as two types of pre-reading activities, on the Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension from a schema–theoretic perspective. The sample consisted of 90 female students studying at pre-university centers of Isfahan.  The subjects were randomly divided into three equal-in-number groups. They participated ...

Despite the increasing popularity of error treatment as a research subject, the effect of age as a potential learner-internal factor affecting choice of feedback is largely undertreated. Characterized by being at early stages of self-empowerment, young language learners are considerably vulnerable and in need of particular language input to meet their age-appropriate psychological demands. This...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of gender and Schema-based pre-reading activities on the Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension. The sample consisted of 60 male and female students studying at second-grade high school in Abhar city. Two reading passages (“Charles Dickens and the Little Children”, and “Hic, Hic, Hic”) were randomly selected from second-grade English textb...

network marketing phenomenon in which mendacious mediators are eliminated, basically is a useful matter. but the companies so-called pyramidal schemes misuse this title. in this companies there isn’t any production, consumable goods and useful work and they just constitute the pyramids in which the money belongs to persons in lower level go into the pocket of company and few people who are in t...