this paper aims to evaluate inventory cost of a two-echelon serial supply chain system under vendor managed inventory program with stochastic demand, and examine the effect of environmental factors on the cost of overall system. for this purpose, we consider a two-echelon serial supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer. under vendor managed inventory program, the decision on inventory le...

Consider a two-level inventory system consisting of one supplier and one retailer. The retailer faces a Poisson demand with a known rate and applies base stock (one-for-one ordering) policy. That is, his inventory position is set to a pre-determined level, so the demand pattern is transferred exactly to the supplier. The supplier has an inventory system and a service unit with exponentially dis...

In this paper we consider a system consisting of a supplier with a single processing unit, a repair center, and a retailer with Poisson demand. We assume that the retailer applies one-for-one ordering policy with backorders for his inventory control. The retailer’s orders form a queue in the supplier processing unit. We also assume that a certain fraction of the products produced by the supplie...

real-time pricing schemes make the customers to feel the energy price volatility and improve their load profiles. however, these schemes have no significant effect on demand-side uncertainty reduction. in this paper, considering smart grid infrastructures and smart building energy management system (ems), a new real-time pricing scheme is presented to reduce the uncertainty of demand-side. in t...

this study deals with a two-level supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. we consider an integrated production inventory system where the manufacturer processes raw materials in order to deliver finished product with imperfect quality to the retailer, where number of defective product has a uniform distribution. the retailer receives product and conducts a 100% inspection....

In this article, manufacturer-retailer supply chain coordination (SCC) has been developed under periodic review inventory system. In the studied model, the retailer as downstream member uses periodic review inventory policy and decides about review period (T) and order-up-to-level (R). Also, the manufacturer as upstream member faces EPQ system and determines the number of shipments from manufac...

Modern business environment focuses on improving the operational efficiency of supplier, retailer and customers through integrating their inventory. Although a smoothly running integrated inventory system is ideal, the reality is to deal with imperfectness in transportation. In actual production environments, inventory items are not perfect and defectiveness occurs in random process.  In this p...

this study considers a two echelon supply chain system consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. under vendor managed inventory (vmi) program, the manufacturer is authorized to manage inventories of agreed upon stock keeping units at retail's locations. in this paper, we assume that the manufacturer monitors inventory levels at retailer's location, replenishes her stock under (...

This study deals with a two-level supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. We consider an integrated production inventory system where the manufacturer processes raw materials in order to deliver finished product with imperfect quality to the retailer, where number of defective product has a uniform distribution. The retailer receives product and conducts a 100% inspection....

In this paper we consider a two-level inventory system with one warehouse and one retailer with information exchange. Transportation times are constant and retailer faces independent Poisson demand. The retailer applies continuous review (R,Q)-policy. The supplier starts with m initial batches (of size Q), and places an order to an outside source immediately after the retailer’s inventory posit...