in the commercial banking activities, efficiency is an important issue for the bank managers, monitoring part and clients. this study has appraised the efficiency performance of the commercial banks in iran. the research method has been using windows data envelopment analysis with constant and variable returns to scale and input oriented model at the period of 1991-2006. the sample of study was...

We observe spatial cost dependence among medium-sized and large U.S. banks (1998Q1–2020Q4). contribute to the literature by accounting for this using an accessible dynamic econometric model. For a movement along bank's output expansion path, we calculate returns that spillover to/from bank. The noticeable impacts of 2020 COVID pandemic are on not own returns. These suggest led smallest (largest...

Three experiments investigated response times (RTs) for remember and know responses in recognition memory. RTs to remember responses were faster than RTs to know responses, regardless of whether the remember-know decision was preceded by an old/new decision (two-step procedure) or was made without a preceding old/new decision (one-step procedure). The finding of faster RTs for R responses was a...

To examine the spatial distribution of a useful field of view (UFOV) in driving, reaction times (RTs) and eye movements were measured in simulated driving. In the experiment, a normal or mirror-reversed letter "E" was presented on driving images with different eccentricities and directions from the current gaze position. The results showed significantly slower RTs in the upper and upper left di...

Since Schumpeter, there has been a long-standing debate regarding the optimal firm size for innovation. Empirical results have settled into a puzzle: R&D spending increasing with scale while R&D productivity decreases with scale. Thus large firms appear irrational. We propose the puzzle stems from the fact that product and patent counts undercount large firm innovation. To test that proposition...