Various infectious agents are known to be transmitted naturally via respiratory aerosols produced by infected patients. Such aerosols may be produced during normal activities by breathing, talking, coughing and sneezing. The schlieren optical method, previously applied mostly in engineering and physics, can be effectively used here to visualize airflows around human subjects in such indoor situ...

Cough-related variables such as cough frequency, time to onset (i.e. the time until the first cough occurs) and the cough index (i.e. the ratio between the cough frequency and the time to onset) may be important when interpreting results of cough challenges for therapeutic interventions or for comparative research purposes. Nevertheless, repeatability (or reproducibility) for these widely used ...

Cough airflow dynamics have been previously studied using a variety of experimental methods. In this study, real-time, non-invasive shadowgraph imaging was applied to obtain additional analyses of cough airflows produced by healthy volunteers. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, mean age 32.2±12.9 years; 10 men, mean age 25.3±2.5 years) were asked to cough freely, then into their sleeves (as p...

The paper is a short survey of recent developments in the area of word maps evaluated on groups and algebras. It is aimed to pose questions relevant to Kac–Moody theory.

background: despite availability and administration of numerous antiepileptic drugs (aeds) nearly 15% of childhood epilepsy cases are resistant to treatment; in traditional medicine however nigella sativa l. (black seed) has been known for its anticonvulsant effects. materials and methods: in this double-blind clinical trial conducted on children with refractory epilepsy we administered the aqu...