flowing the uruguay round negotiations (1986-1994), the world trade system has evolved. on the basis of agreements of this round, world trade organization (wto) members have been obligated to decrease tariff obstacles, non-tariff restrains and trade supports. the use of trade liberalizing policies (tariff obstacles and non-tariff restrains) by members and observing countries has had significant...

a r t i c l e i n f o The literature measuring the effects of WTO membership on trade flows has produced remarkably diverse results. Rose (2004) reports a wide range of empirical specifications that produce no WTO effects. Tomz et al. (2007) use Rose's data but include de facto WTO membership, to find positive WTO trade effects. Rose (2005) also produced positive WTO trade effects after account...

that restrict trade between countries in agricultural commodities. Many of these policies are now subject to important disciplines under the 1994 GATT agreement that is administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The paper is organized as follows. First, tariffs, import quotas, and tariff rate quotas are discussed. Then, a series of non-tariff barriers to trade are examined, including v...

after establishment of the world trade organization (wto) in 1995, not only all countries around the world had to receive progressively the wto accession but also those that had higher economic potentials benefited further advantages from their memberships. one goal which has been followed by the wto has relied on economic convergence. it is now a time to ask whether convergence in monetary po...

Before November 1999, few Americans knew what "WTO" meant, much less understood its workings. The World Trade Organization evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and was officially created in 1995. Membership has now reached 135 nations and another 32 have applied for accession, including China and the former Soviet Republics. Current members span the spectrum of the wor...

For the last half century, international trade has been an important contributor to the growth of the world economy. Similarly, over the past twenty years, after China’s decision to pursue a market opening policy, the growth of the Chinese economy has been led by the rapid growth of its exports and imports. However this growth in international trade has been accompanied by an increase in the nu...