A set of small nonpeptidic diaryl phosphonate inhibitors was prepared. The phosphonate derivatives were synthesized through Birum-Oleksyszyn reaction followed by reduction of the nitro-group which undergo to Boc-protected guanidine derivatives. After removing of Boc-group by TFAA/DCM afford the guanidine phosphonates.

Social influences on eating were investigated by paying 63 adult humans to maintain 7-d diaries ofeverything they ingested, time, subjective hunger, and number of peoplc present. Meals eaten with others contained more carbohydrate, fat, protein, and total cabries; had smaller deprivation ratios; and had larger satiety ratios than meals eaten alone. The number of people present was positively co...

I. Six healthy young women residing in a metabolic unit, but continuing their normal activities, received a uniform diet for 27 days, subdivided into four periods of 6 days and a final collection period of 3 days. 2. The daily food was divided into equal-sized portions ; the subjects ate their daily quota as three meals a day in periods I , 3 , and 5 (control), two meals in period z (gorging), ...

Obesity and overeating have become fundamental problems in modern society. This article studies the inhibition of food-seeking behavior, and how contextual cues can control it. Rats that had free food in the home cage nevertheless learned to lever press for sucrose or high-fat pellets in a distinctive context (a Skinner box). Lever pressing was then inhibited by extinction, in which lever press...

Discrete-time state-space models were developed to describe contemporaneous responses of plasma insulin and glucose of normal human subjects. Male and female subjects ingested three consecutive identical meals from isocaloric diets classified as high-carbohydrate, high-fat, high-protein, or standard. Distinctly different glucose and insulin responses were measured in men and women. A seven-stat...

This study investigated the effects of ingesting a low (LGI) or high (HGI) glycemic index carbohydrate (CHO) meal 3 h prior to exercise on endurance running capacity. Eight male recreational runners undertook two trials (LGI or HGI) which were randomized and separated by 7 d. After an overnight fast (12 h) the subjects ingested either a LGI or HGI meal 3 h prior to running at 70% VO2max until e...