This paper documents a divergence in the duration of rule for monarchs in Western Europe and the Islamic world beginning in the medieval period. While leadership tenures in the two regions were similar in 700 CE, Christian kings became increasingly long-lived compared to Muslim sultans. To better understand the roots of this divergence, we investigate the empirical relevance of an historical li...

Are journalists and Facebook users equally interested in political news? Introducing the conceptualization measurement of “news sharing gap”, this study compares news by to production media organizations. To paint a broad picture these differences, we compare gap (a) across election routine periods (b) eight countries: Australia, Austria, Brazil, Germany, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, United Kin...

In this paper, we introduce a goodness of fit test for expo- nentiality based on Lin-Wong divergence measure. In order to estimate the divergence, we use a method similar to Vasicek’s method for estimat- ing the Shannon entropy. The critical values and the powers of the test are computed by Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown that the proposed test are competitive with other tests of exponentia...

compressible gas flow inside a convergent-divergent nozzle and its exhaust plume atdifferent nozzle pressure ratios (npr) have been numerically studied with severalturbulence models. the numerical results reveal that, the sst k–ω model give the bestresults compared with other models in time and accuracy. the effect of changes in value ofdivergence half-angle (ε ) on the nozzle performance, thru...

This research aims to investigate the effect of conservative reporting on the investors' opinion divergence at the time of earnings announcement in a 5 year period during 2012-2016; the required data have been collected from Tehran Securities and Stock Exchange Organization and the population is consisted of 585 corporates-years which have been selected by the systematic removal sampling. To in...

In a recent contribution, North, Wallis and Weingast (2006) have taken on the issue of the link between economic development and institutional framework. They contrast two models of societies — natural state and open access — differentiated by the political pact established within the ruling elite and the economics that derive from them. Elaborating on this, we show that there is an intrinsic d...