Background Providing population-based data on awareness, attitude and practice of drug and stimulant use has policy implications. A national study was conducted among Iranian general population to explore life time prevalence, awareness and attitudes toward opioids and stimulant use.   Methods We recruited subjects from 5 provinces with heterogenic pattern of drug use. P...

Abstract Background Drug checking is a harm reduction intervention aiming to reduce substance use-related risks by improving drug user knowledge of the composition unregulated drugs. With increasing fears fentanyl adulteration in drugs, this study sought examine whether expected type checked (stimulant vs. opioid) was associated with timing service utilization (pre-consumption post-consumption)...

Asthma is the most common cause of recurrent wheezing, cough and dyspnea in childhood. Delay in diagnosis and lack of appropriate treatment can cause sustained changes which decrease respiratory capacity of children in future. Therefore, identifying the symptoms relating to asthma is the key for timely diagnosis and treatment of this disease. This study was done to investigate asthma incidence ...

Background and Aim: Asthma is a common and chronic disease of respiratory tracts. The best way to treat Asthma is to control it. Experts of this field suggest the continues monitoring on Asthma symptoms and adjustment of self-care plan with offering the preventive treatment program to have desired control over Asthma. Presenting these plans by the physician is set based on the control level in ...

Asthma is an inflammatory and chronic disease that affects about 300 million people globally. The disease is more common in developed countries. The increase in the prevalence of asthma is not only due to genetic factors, but also to many environmental factors related to urbanization and type of nutrition. It has been reported that obesity is an independent risk factor for asthma and obese chil...

Stimulants such as cocaine and the amphetamines are widely abused due to their rewarding effects. Much of what we know about drug abuse and drug reward comes from research involving stimulants, and much of this research involves using drug self-administration as an animal model of drug abuse. In this chapter, the example of stimulant self-administration is used to illustrate: (1) the basic meth...

The Effect of using Organic Acid, Prebiotics and Probiotics as a Supplement in Stimulant Syrup on the Performance Iranian Bee Colonies

Since the first study in stimulant-dependent individuals using structural MRI was published fifteen years ago, much evidence has accumulated on brain abnormalities associated with stimulant drug dependence. Here we conducted a voxel-based morphometry meta-analysis of published MRI data in stimulant-dependent individuals to clarify the most robust abnormalities underlying the disorder. We found ...

The abuse of stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine is a huge problem in many parts of the world. Abuse of these drugs does not ruin just the user's life, but also adversely affects those around them. Despite many years of research, there are no approved medications for stimulant dependence, and treatment is focused on psychotherapy and abstinence. Over the last 10 to 20 y...