the importance of writing as a complex skill in applied linguistics has drawn the attention of many researchers to evaluate textbooks in order to help learners gain self-sufficiency and autonomy in the field of language use and communication. investigations have shown that developments in textbooks evaluation can promote the quality of pedagogies and consequently the learning. this study attemp...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explain the effectiveness of sociodrama intervention to reducing anxiety in children with social anxiety disorder. Methods: Research method in this study was a single-subject of AB experimental designs. The study population consisted of all children with social anxiety disorder 6 to 7 years that attended psychological centers in Tehran in 2021. Among t...

phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

introduction: This study was aimed to determine the personality dimensions which can influence the relapse of opioid substance dependents that are under methadone maintenance treatment. Method: In this prospective study 210 addicts who were referred to methadone clinics in 1389 were selected through judgmental sampling. All participants completed the self made questionnaire and Temperament and ...

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teaching strategy learning and visualization and self-regulation training on student problem solving skills. Materials and Methods: The present research was experimental. The research population consisted of all 7th grade students in Tehran during the academic year 1397-1396. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 12...