Ionizing radiation has long been known to produce detrimental biological effects. Although these harmful effects are the results of high doses of exposure, some other maladies such as mutation and cancer seems  to be induced at low doses of exposure. In recent decades, however, some pioneer scientists have indicated that ionizing radiation like many other essential agents has toxic effects  ...

Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a congenital lymphatic malformation that results in gradual dilatation of lymphatic vessels and development of lymphatic cisterns. The treatment of choice is radical surgery. Other treatment methods including cryotherapy, sclerosing agent injections, radiation therapy and CO2 laser were suggested. We report successful treatment of a 14-year-old boy affected with l...

The effect of UV beam, which has been emitted from a natural or a manmade source on cells has been studied in previous studies for several times. Radiation of this beam can have different effects on DNA of the cell, cytotoxicity, the structure of cellular proteins and their mechanical properties based on radiation period or frequency. The effect of radiation of two types of beams, namely UVB an...

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has attributed the same relative risk for X and gamma radiations of all energies. Several studies have proven that the biological effect of low energy photon is more than that of higher ones. The assessment of risks is important due to the wide use of low energy X-rays for mammography screening and other diagnostic appli...

A bystander effect is biological changes in non-irradiated cells by transmitted signals from irradiated bystander cells, which causes the radiation toxic effects on the adjacent non-irradiated tissues. This phenomenon occurs by agents such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and chemotherapy. The bystander effect includes biological processes such as damage to DNA, cell death, ch...

Tailor-made blanks are sheet metal assemblies with different thicknesses and/or materials and/or surface coatings. A monolithic sheet can be machined to make the required thickness variations that is referred as tailor machined blanks. Due to the thickness variation in tailor machined blanks, laser bending of these blanks is more complicated than monolithic plates. In this article, laser formin...